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Peds Calc

Scientific Understanding

How Ibuprofen WorksMechanism of Action in Children

Understanding how ibuprofen works helps guide safe, effective use in children.

Quality Score: 8/10
2 Scientific Sources
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Understanding How Ibuprofen Helps Your Child

Ibuprofen is a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitor that reduces prostaglandin synthesis. Lower prostaglandins decrease inflammation, peripheral pain sensitization, and the hypothalamic set‑point for fever. In pediatrics, these effects translate into improved comfort and reduced temperature when used at appropriate intervals.

Simple Explanation

Ibuprofen turns down your child’s body signals that cause fever and pain, helping them feel more comfortable while they heal.

Think of it like this: Like turning down the volume on the body’s ‘ouch’ and ‘fever’ dials so kids can rest and recover.

Common Questions

Why give with food?

Food can reduce stomach upset because ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining.

How long does it last?

Usually 6–8 hours per dose.

Molecular Targets & Receptors

COX-1

enzyme - reversible_inhibition

Gastric protection and platelet function — inhibition contributes to GI and bleeding risks

COX-2

enzyme - reversible_inhibition

Inflammation and pain signaling — inhibition yields analgesic/antipyretic effects

How Ibuprofen Works in the Body

Primary Mechanism

Nonselective COX inhibition lowers prostaglandin synthesis, decreasing pain and fever

Step-by-Step Process:

Journey Through the Body

Absorption

Bioavailability

High

Time to Peak

1–2 h

Food Effect

Route

Oral

Metabolism

Hepatic oxidation and glucuronidation

Pediatric: Near adult pathways by school age

Elimination

Half-life

~2 hours

Primary Route

Renal (metabolites)

Dosing Implication

q6–8h dosing typical

Special Considerations for Children

Infants

Absorption Changes

Variable gastric emptying may slightly delay onset

Metabolism Changes

Developing hepatic pathways

Distribution Changes

Higher total body water

Clinical Implication

Avoid routine use <6 months unless directed

School-ages

Absorption Changes

Near adult kinetics

Metabolism Changes

Mature hepatic clearance

Distribution Changes

Adult‑like

Clinical Implication

Standard weight‑based dosing applies

Key Clinical Insights

Hydration status influences renal safety — hold during dehydration

Evidence: moderateSource: NHS

Scientific References

Ibuprofen – Drug InformationMedlinePlus (2024)expert consensus
Ibuprofen for childrenNHS (2024)guideline